*GETTING READY*

*******************GETTING READY*******************

Enabling Technologies

Contents6. Time to Upgrade7. Plasma Particles and Momentum8. Accelerators - Storage Rings9. Payloads from Earth10. Lunar Launch Platform

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We already have the pieces to the puzzle ...

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We just need to put them together.

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LIST OF TABLES Select from following:Table 1. Likely DestinationsTable 2: Typical TO DistancesTable 3: Typical TO VelocitiesTable 4. Transfer Orbital Periods.Table 5. Compare Travel TimesTable 6. Compare Travel VelocitiesTable 7. ⇑Pros and ⇓Cons of Two Space Travel ConceptsTable 8. Fuel to the PlanetsTable 9. More Fuel to the PlanetsTable 10. G-force Fuel & Return 6. Time to Upgrade Transfer Orbits vs. G-force Profiles Typical transfer takes a semi-orbit (SO); thus, total distance traveled would be one half the distance of the relevant ellipse. At orbital speeds, this takes a while. Most destinations take years. Destination Transfer Orbit (TO) G-force Profile SemiMajor Axis Typical LOS SO Dist Travel Times Travel Times aD d CT/2 TY Td tAcc tDec tTtl Uranus 19.18 AU 20 AU 34.58 AU 16.03 Yr 5,854 dy 6.32 dy 6.32 dy 12.65 dy Observed Assumed π√(aT2+bT2) √2 (1+aD)3/2 5.656 365.26TY √(2(d/2)) √g √d √g 2√d √g Line of Sight (LOS) is a straight line from Earth to destination, LOS distance is much less then SO distance. G-force acceleration would enable ships to approximate a straight line path at much greater speeds; this would greatly decrease travel time. Typical destinations would take days. It's time to upgrade from transfer orbits to g-force profiles.

7. Plasma Particles: G-force Fuel High speed particles make momentum happen. Mship= 30.57 *dc*ffsec Non-Relativistic Mship dc ffsec mT dec. c gm 3.057 .1 c 1.0 To Mars Mship= 30,570 *dc*ffExh Low Relativistic Mship dc ffExh mT dec. c kg 6,240 .2 c 1.021 To Ceres Mship= 30,570 *dc*mr*ffsec Mid Relativistic Mship dc mr mT dec. c 22,928 .6 c 1.25 To Uranus Ms=30,570√(mr2-1) ffsec High Relativistic Mship mr ffsec mT kg 52,949 2 1.0 Exoplanetary

7a. Close Look at the Particle Stream As fuel burns, gross weight decreases. As vessel weight decreases, burn rate also decreases. To consider ion quantity requirements, TE constructs following three tables. Table-1: Every Day Differs. Fuel consumption remains a consistent percentage of current GW; thus, GW is ever decreasing due to fuel burn. TE uses an exponential method {(1-Δt)t}to model daily fuel requirements. Table-2: Any day: 86,400 Unique Seconds TE arbitrarily chooses Day 20 as an example; Day 20's fuel requirement is 222.91 mTs of water. Simple division approximates an average burn rate of .00258 mT (= 2,580 grams) per second. Table-3: Pulse requirements During each second, PA will create and expend many plasma packets. Each will contain small quantity of water but a large number of particles. TE arbitrarily assumes a Packet Repetition Frequency (PRF) of 10,000 per second.

Particle Accelerator components: Select from following:1. Plasma Source - charged particles. 2. Injector - ions into wave guide.3. Wave Guide - particles travels in a tube.4. Klystrons - generate microwaves. 5. Superconducting Magnets6. Detectors - examines colliding particles.7. Vacuum System - clears wave guide.8. Cooling System - removes heat. 9. Storage Rings - stores particles.10. Extractor - ions into exhaust 8. Accelerators - Storage Rings Storage Rings keep momentum happening. Summary Component Accelerator Purpose Leverage Space Environ Plasma Source Provides charged particles for acceleration. Maybe water will work: Plenty of water in the oceans plenty of comets in space plenty of He3 in the giants Injector Puts ions into wave guide. Rate determined by ship's mass. Wave Guide vacuum tube provides path for particle beam. Design determined by size/shape of ship. Klystrons generate microwaves for the particles to ride. Text coming Magnets focus and steer the particle beam. Required for particle acceleration. Superconductors Save enormous energy Required for magnet practicality. Detectors examines radiation from particles colliding with each other and with walls of wave guide. Needed for efficiency as well as safety concerns. Not easy to repair wave guide, even harder during powered flight. Vacuum System keeps wave guide completely clear. Plenty of vacuum in deep space. Cooling System removes heat generated by equipment. Plenty of cold in space (4° K); can make liquid hydrogen from water supplies. Storage Rings store particle beams temporarily when not in use. Key design factor. Extractor Puts ions into exhaust ports. Rate determined by efficiency.

************CONTENTS************ Select from following: Space Elevators Carbon composite, nanotube ribbon" into space.Counterweight will keep the ribbon taut.Mechanical lifters will take payloads to space.Power for upward bound lifters will come from laser beams.Risk mitigation will take several forms.Operational Analysis helps determine true utility. 9. Payloads from Earth Materials from Earth start the process. One Thousands Lifts per Mission. Terran topsoil, oceanic water and many other Earth bound resources must elevate to orbit to support humanity's space borne mission. If a "lifter" can transport 10 mTs per lift, it will take 300 cycles to export sufficient water for one mission. If there is an equivalent requirement for Terran top soil, then another 300 cycles. Presume another 400+ cycles for other payload requirements then one g-force mission might take 1,000 lifts. With one strand of ribbon and one lifter; then, elevator capacity is 1 load per one 15 day cycle. At that rate, each g-force mission needs 15,000 days (about 41 years) to completely supply. With multiple strands and multiple lifters, capacity could conceivably increase to 1 load per day. This reduces supply time to 1,000 days or about 3 years. Conveyor Belt Configuration. TE assumes greatly increased ribbon durability and ribbon redundancy to enable elevator to adopt a conveyor belt configuration. If this enables 1 lifter per hour, then, supply time decreases to about 50 days which would be a reasonable duration to be included into a mission's Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS). Improvements could further reduce load time.

CONTENT Select from following: Lunar ResourcesLunar Launch Lunar Transformation 10. Lunar Launch Platform Moon makes final contribution. SUMMARY Filler for TE SpaceshipOne ton of helium-3 requires processing 14,000 tons of lunar regolith. This resource could be used to help build enormous infrastructure of g-force spacecraft. Home Berth G-force vehicle orbits around Luna when not traveling to/from interplanetary destinations. Orbiting g-force vehicle can leverage Lunar Transformations Energy source: He-3 Reactors. Terran Topsoil Terran Ocean Water